Jeftini robotić koji prati crnu putanju. Odličan za sve uzraste.

Listajući Temu, naišao sam na jednu interesantnu implementaciju robota, o čemu sam već pisao. Radi se o robotu koji prati crnu liniju, pri čemu robot nije baziran na mikrokontroleru. Znači nema procesor i nema software. Imamo čistu elektroniku. Ukoliko pratite zilsel-invent blog postove i website, možete naći postove gde sam pisao kako mogu da se implementiraju senzori. I ovaj robotić upravo to i prikazuje. Meni je ovaj robotić dosta interesantan, i ako mene pitate nije bitno što je deklarisan kao početnički, jer po meni je dobar i za ljude koji imaju iskustva sa elektronikom, jer robotić je interesantan. Robotić možete videti ovde. Moj stari projekat možete pogledati ovde.

Ovde je lepo prikazano šta robotić ima. Znači imamo dva motora i dva točka i imamo jedan stabilizacioni šrafić na prednjem delu. Robot je namenjen za ravne površine. To je naravno jasno i na osnovu DC motora i točkova. Kada vidimo koliki su DC motori i točkovi jasno je da je ovaj robotić namenjen za parket, laminat, sto, znači ravne površine bez prepreka. Zatim imamo podnožje za baterije. Jasno je da je ovde najveći potrošač motor. LM393 ne troši puno. Ovde LED diode troše mimo motora. Robot je jeftin, te ga preporučujem da se uzme, jer može da se iskoristi šasija, motori, za neke druge varijante projekta bazirane na procesoru.

Ovde je robotić isto lepo prikazan. Znači ravna površina i to je to. Nema ovaj robot snagu za bilo šta drugo. Ali se može iskoristiti šasija za neke druge projekte.

Ovde imamo šemu. Znači ovako, sa levo na desno. Leva strana šeme je senzorski deo. On je baziran na LED diodama i na fotootpornicima. I to imamo par, jedna LED dioda na jedan fotootpornik, i druga dioda na drugi fotootpornik. GRR13 i D4LED1 su par. GRR14 i D5LED2 su par. Pored LED dioda imamo stabilizacione kondenzatore dok su fotootpornici vezani na red sa drugim otpornikom i varijabilnim otpornikom kako bi kreirali naponski razdelnik. Znači, LED emituje svetlost dok fotootpornici detektuju nivo tj. intezitet odbijene svetlosti. Zato imamo crnu traku i belu podlogu. Crno ne odbija svetlo te samim tim fotootpornik podešava svoju otpornost u skladu sa odbijenom svetlošću. I pošto se to vodi na komparatore, mi smo u mogućnosti da upravljamo sa dva DC motor preko pijačivača snage a to su tranzistori Q1 i Q2.

Ovo je dosta interesantan projekat koji je po meni namenjen i za početnike i za iskusnije korisnike. Vredi ga kupiti sa Temu jer se lako može upotrebiti i za neke druge projekte. Interesantan je još iz razloga što nema mikroprocesor. Kompletna senzorska logika radi sa elektronikom (i mikroprocesor je elektronika ali znate na šta mislim). Sad možemo da napišemo da je to i mnogo bolje nego da imate procesor jer je brže reagovanje. Da! Koliko god vam to bilo smešno ovaj robot reaguje mnogo brže nego da ima mikroprocesor, jer nema nikakav software odlučivanja. Tako da su vam komparatori genijalni za odlučiti se za pravljenje senzora. Ovde dizajner na red sa fotootpornikom je namerno dodao varijabilni otpornik jer tako može da podešava nivo okidanja. Ali kako nemamo mikroprocesor, komparator šalje direktno signal na tranzistor koji služi kao drajver DC motora. Kao što se vidi, ovaj robotić isključivo ide unapred. Znači nema mogućnost da ide unazad, nema H bridge DC motor kontroler. Jako interesantan projekat. Kada mi stigne robotić prezentovaću isti, UNBOXING i nakon asembliranja.

Autor: Vladimir Savić

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